As alternatives to cars - which we already subsidize very heavily. Cars have a lot of hidden costs. There are those associated with pollution and noise pollution. Cities provide free roads and parking. Cars are dangerous, and require dedicated law enforcement. E-bikes are none of these things.

In a study published in Ecological Economics, it was estimated that society generally foots the bill for 41% of the total costs associated with car driving - with the total cost being ~$640k per driver over a lifetime. Much cheaper for a city to maintain a fleet of e-bikes. Source in link card.