I suspect that it’s also hard to separate out the benefits unfortunately. I would love to see if the benefits could be reproduced with semaglutide (the other major GLP-1 inhib on the market being used as obesity drug). If both have same end point, then likely weight reduction is cause.

Not necessarily as they both target same pathway. The best wAy is more animal models and cell based models looking at effects of the drug at a genetic and transcript level.