Our paper on the confusing world of HpARI proteins is now out in Infection and Immunity! We show that H. polygyrus bakeri secretes 3 HpARI family members, 2 of which suppress IL-33 responses, while one amplifies IL-33 responses. journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/...

IL-33-binding HpARI family homologues with divergent effects in suppressing or enhancing type 2 immu...

IL-33 is an IL-1 family alarmin cytokine which is constitutively expressed by epithelial cells, where it is stored in cellular nuclei and released under conditions of damage and necrosis (1). Upon rel...

We believe that the IL-33-amplifying member of the family, HpARI3, co-opts the immunoregulatory effects of IL-33, and may act at a different site, and on different cells, to the IL-33-suppressive HpARIs (HpARI1 and HpARI2)