Something I learned attributed to Bernard Williams. As early as you can make eye contact with every audience member. Two reasons. First, to make a connection. Second, they know you’re watching and will be embarrassed if they are caught out drifting off.

Great if the speaker has got a generally warm and friendly manner - like you, Jo. Otherwise it might come over as a display of chest beating dominance, especially if it’s done before opening your mouth.

This morning I gave a talk in French, which required me to stay tethered to the text, and it frustrated me for exactly this reason. My eyes are normally constantly on the audience, making eye contact with each person many times. It not only keeps them with me, it also keeps me with them.