Generally, parties view the EU rather positive in most member states, but there also appears to be a negative trend. In crisis-hit Greece, Portugal and Spain, parties are now more negative towards the EU than 20 y. ago, and this is also true to a lesser extent in other countries.

But: this varies also across ideologies. While most party families are rather positive towards the EU, left and nationalists parties take a relatively negative stance in their manifestos. The latter in particular have taken on this position in the last 20 years.