A brief history of how we maintain segregation in America. Gen 1️⃣: Mechanisms: racial covenants, racial zoning, Jim Crow, separate but equal, terrorism. Features: explicitly racist; implicitly classist. Starts in 1865; gradually ends in 1917 (Buchanan), 1948 (Shelley), 1955 (Brown)...

Gen 2️⃣: Mechanisms: single-family zoning, minimum lot sizes and other cost mandates, suburban secession. Features: explicitly classist; implicitly racist. (Ability to determine what gets built where = ability to determine who can live where.) Status: Ongoing. Beginnings of YIMBY reform.