Honestly, while in some cases it was "impetuous young officers," in other cases it was certainly green-lit by individuals in command, if not by the Gen Staff. Certainly Ishiwara had his patrons.Honestly, while in some cases it was "impetuous young officers," in other cases it was certainly green-lit by individuals in command, if not by the Gen Staff. Certainly Ishiwara had his patrons.

There's also a heavy dose of simple Japanese organizational decision-making here. Typically, in business or the military, the "commander/boss" doesn't dictate and the staff develop the plan. They'll go around starting with the junior guy and work up, each giving opinions...There's also a heavy dose of simple Japanese organizational decision-making here. Typically, in business or the military, the "commander/boss" doesn't dictate and the staff develop the plan. They'll go around starting with the junior guy and work up, each giving opinions...