Suppose an A/B test on a retail platform where products are randomly assigned into treatment or control, and outcomes are measured for customers. Edges are customer-product interactions (e.g. viewing a product). The treatment affects the desirability of the product, the likelihood it surfaces, etc.

For outcomes, think of long-term customer spend, retail membership signup, or something else that is affected by the customer experience (the aggregate experience from products they interact with) but are not immediate consequences of a single product interaction.