Since Raoni started this work, the Amazon is roughly a fifth smaller. It’s been cut back to make way for ranching and farming, for food sold around the world. The pace of that destruction has fluctuated over time, but most recently it peaked during Bolsonaro’s presidency

Now, climate change is also piling on pressure. As the world heats up, more areas become permanently unsuitable for rainforest, becoming drier forest or savannah instead. “The ideal climate for rainforest is shrinking,” says Michael Coe, a senior scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center.