Despite some variation, this generally holds for attitudes to economic left-right, immigration, moral traditionalism, environmentalism, and gender equality. The clearest exception to the pattern is Italian women who are, on average, more skeptical of immigration than Italian men.

In line with previous research we find generational patterns. Both younger men and women are more progressive than their older counterparts, but the age gap is much larger for women. We also dig into some interactions and mediations that you can find in the paper & appendix.