Cc, a tetraploid, had larger but fewer stomata compared to diploid Ccfc. Larger stomata could be a factor in Cc’s better adaptation to urban stressors like pollution and heat. (4/8)

Cc also has more than double the genome size of Ccfc. The study found Cc’s genome includes parts of Ccfc and another unknown genome—an indication of allopolyploidy, where two different species' genomes combine. (5/8)