3. Tasks that require pupils to think about the content as opposed to other skills, ensuring they are only thinking about the new content. This is opposed to tasks that require pupils to use new knowledge to produce an outcome that also requires new skills (e.g. a diary entry or newspaper report).

4. Conversely, when the aim is to develop a skill, the task should use content pupils are already familiar with in order to prevent cognitive overload and ensure pupils are able to focus on the skill they are developing.