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Robert Stewart
@robertstewart.io
Minnesotan in Maryland via Owatonna, St Paul, & UMN Asst Prof at UMD Criminology (criminal records, collateral consequences, civic engagement, public policy, data) "Funny here and there," according to one student robertstewart.io
189 followers638 following226 posts
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The NE AG argued that only the pardon board (and not the leg) has the authority to restore voting rights, thus even the two year waiting period was unconstitutional. The NE Supreme Court heard the case in August but has yet to release a decision (and boy are they dragging their feet).

Image titled "Felony Voting Rights Update"

Text from the ACLU Nebraska reads:

"The Nebraska Supreme Court has indicated that they will not be releasing published opinions tomorrow, meaning our next chance at a decision that will impact thousands of Nebraskans’ voting rights is likely Oct. 18, the day of the online voter registration deadline. That’s also one week out from the in-person registration deadline, Oct. 25. If you have completed all terms of a felony sentence and are not yet registered, or if you’re registered and uncertain of your voting rights, please follow us and local media closely these next two weeks. We will share news as soon as we have it."
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The one outlying issue is Nebraska. Prior to this year, a person in Nebraska would have their voting rights automatically restored following a two year waiting period after completing their sentence. The legislature removed that waiting period this year, but it was blocked by the NE AG/SOS.

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We also did a deep dive in Mississippi and Alabama, which disenfranchise based on lists of specific offenses rather than correctional status, to produce more fine-grained estimates. You can read more about that and our methodology in the expanded Appendix.

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Here are estimated state-level disenfranchisement rates for African American, Latino, and female.

Figure 2. Overall State Felony Disenfranchisement Rates, 2024

This U.S. map shows state felony disenfranchisement rates in 2024. States are shaded based on the percentage of disenfranchised individuals in each state. The Southeast generally shows higher disenfranchisement rates, with other regions varying in shading.
Figure 7. African American Felony Disenfranchisement Rates, 2024

This U.S. map illustrates African American felony disenfranchisement rates by state in 2024, with varying shades. The map indicates that Southern states have particularly high disenfranchisement rates for African Americans.
Figure 8. Latino Felony Disenfranchisement Rates (Available Data), 2024

This U.S. map displays Latino felony disenfranchisement rates by state in 2024, where data is available. The states are color-coded. The map shows varying levels of disenfranchisement, with some concentration in the South and Southwest.
Figure 9. Female Disenfranchisement Rates, 2024

This U.S. map represents felony disenfranchisement rates for females in 2024, with different shades. Higher disenfranchisement rates for females appear predominantly in the Southeast, with the rest of the country showing generally lower rates.
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Florida remains the nation’s disenfranchisement leader in total numbers, with 961K currently banned from voting (including 730K post-sentence, often because of outstanding fines/fees). Tennessee, which has a labrynthian policy, has the highest disenfranchisement rate (7.7%).

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States have moved toward more narrow disenfranchising restrictions over the last ten years, resulting in a significant decrease in the disenfranchised population over time. As in previous years, a plurality of the disenfranchised population are post-sentence.

Table 1. State Felony Disenfranchisement Restrictions in 2024

This table categorizes U.S. states based on felony disenfranchisement restrictions into four groups:

    No restrictions (2 states):
        Maine
        Vermont

    Prison only (23 states):
        California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Washington

    Prison, parole, & probation (15 states):
        Alaska, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin

    Prison, parole, probation, & post-sentence (10 states):
        Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia, Wyoming
Figure 5. Number Disenfranchised for Selected Years, 1960–2024

This line graph shows the trend in the number of disenfranchised people (in millions) in the United States over selected years from 1960 to 2024:

    1960: 1,762,582
    1980: 1,176,254
    1996: 3,342,586
    2004: 4,550,615
    2008: 5,096,172
    2012: 5,650,505
    2016: 5,884,215 (peak)
    2020: 4,993,476
    2022: 4,399,983
    2024: 4,049,978

The graph shows a general increase in disenfranchised individuals, peaking in 2016, followed by a decline in recent years.
Figure 1. Disenfranchisement Distribution by Correctional Status, 2024

This pie chart displays the percentage distribution of disenfranchised individuals in 2024 by correctional status:

    Post-sentence: 40%
    Prison: 26%
    Felony probation: 25%
    Parole: 7%
    Jail: 3%
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But first, I'm grateful to have been able to contribute to this work alongside the incomparable team of @chrisuggen.bsky.social@sarahksshannon.bsky.social (UGA), and Molly Hauf (Hamline) with support from Olivia Nesgoda (Hamline) and Caleigh Lueder (UMN).

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I had assumed it was a nuanced take on why Janeway was right for killing Tuvix.

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True. At least we have sports...

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Sad!

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Robert Stewart
@robertstewart.io
Minnesotan in Maryland via Owatonna, St Paul, & UMN Asst Prof at UMD Criminology (criminal records, collateral consequences, civic engagement, public policy, data) "Funny here and there," according to one student robertstewart.io
189 followers638 following226 posts